Glucosamine, Chondroitin, MSM, and turmeric are commonly used supplements for joint health in dogs and cats. Glucosamine is a building block of cartilage, the connective tissue in joints. It is believed to help maintain and repair cartilage and may have anti-inflammatory effects, helping to reduce joint inflammation and pain. Chondroitin sulphate is another component of cartilage. It may help protect and maintain the integrity of cartilage. Chondroitin may contribute to the production of synovial fluid, which lubricates joints and helps reduce friction. MSM may have anti-inflammatory properties, potentially reducing joint inflammation. It may contribute to pain relief and improved mobility. Turmeric contains curcumin, which has potent anti-inflammatory properties. It may help alleviate joint inflammation and pain. The antioxidant properties of turmeric may help protect joint tissues from damage caused by free radicals. Black pepper contains piperine, which can enhance the absorption and bioavailability of other nutrients and compounds. When combined with turmeric, black pepper can help increase the absorption of curcumin in pets, maximizing its benefits.